The activity of gambling involves risking money or something of value on the outcome of a game or contest or uncertain event with awareness of the risks and in the hope of gaining profit (or losing it). It can range from scratchcards and fruit machines to sophisticated casino games. Gambling can make people feel excited and elated, and this is largely due to the release of dopamine, the feel-good neurotransmitter. But problems occur when these feelings become addictive. Vulnerable groups for gambling disorders include low incomes, young people and men.
Problem gambling can affect the whole family, causing tensions, conflict and even bankruptcy. Many organisations offer support, assistance and counselling for people experiencing harm from gambling. Family therapy and marriage, career and credit counseling can help rebuild relationships and finances. Joining a peer support group can also be helpful. Gamblers Anonymous, for example, is based on the 12 steps of Alcoholics Anonymous and can provide guidance to a new lifestyle.
Typically, the negative impacts of gambling are considered more important than the positive ones because of their ability to directly affect a person’s quality of life. However, it is possible to find ways of measuring the costs and benefits of gambling, particularly using a public health approach. These involve a three-level model: benefits and costs can be classified as personal, interpersonal and society/community.